Steeling a Better Future
Structural steel was first used heavily in buildings about 1885 when the Home Insurance Building in Chicago used it for a framework combined with the more common reinforced concrete. Why so recently? Cost and availability were some factors. Wrought iron had been used frequently for decorations and non-structural applications; cast iron, although strong was brittle, and steel was expensive to make, limiting its use to personal items and tools. Then, in 1855, the Bessemer Method made the production of steel more efficient and with good tensile strength. This was followed in 1879 by the method of removing phosphorous from steel—increasing its quality and its uses. Steel could finally be produced more cheaply so its production grew. The Rand McNally Building , also in Chicago, was built in 1890 as the first all-steel framed skyscraper. Designed by Burnham and Root, it stood ten stories high and cost $1 million to build at the time. It was demolished in 1911. From 1875 to 1920 steel ...